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1.
J. bras. nefrol ; 39(4): 413-423, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893792

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplantation has changed its clinical spectrum, mostly due to the current and more effective immunosuppression. In the absence of preventive strategies it is associated with significant morbi-mortality. Objective: This study evaluated the incidence of CMV events and its effect on outcomes of kidney transplantation in recipients without pharmacological prophylaxis or targeted preemptive treatment. Results: The study cohort comprised 802 recipients of kidney transplants between 04/30/2014 and 04/30/2015. The majority received induction with anti-thymocyte globulin (81.5%), tacrolimus and prednisone in combination with either mycophenolate (46.3%) or azathioprine (53.7%). The overall incidence of CMV events was 42% (58.6% infection and 41.4% disease). Patients with CMV showed higher incidence of first treated acute rejection (19 vs. 11%, p = 0,001) compared with those without CMV but no differences in graft loss, death or loss to follow-up. The incidence of delayed graft function was higher (56% vs. 37%, p = 0.000) and the eGFR at 1 (41 ± 21 vs. 54 ± 28 ml/min, p = 0.000) and 12 months (50 ± 19 vs. 61 ± 29 ml/min, p = 0.000) were lower in patients with CMV. Recipients age (OR = 1.03), negative CMV serology (OR = 5.21) and use of mycophenolate (OR = 1.67) were associated with increased risk of CMV. Changes in immunosuppression was more often in patients with CMV (63% vs. 31%, p = 0.000). Conclusion: the incidence of CMV events was high and associated with higher incidence of acute rejection and changes in immunosuppression. Besides traditional risk factors, renal function at 1 month was independently associated with CMV infection.


Resumo A infecção por citomegalovírus (CMV) no transplante renal mudou seu espectro clínico, principalmente devido à atual e mais efetiva imunossupressão. Na ausência de estratégias preventivas, está associado a significativa morbimortalidade. Objetivo: este estudo avaliou a incidência de eventos de CMV e seu efeito nos desfechos do transplante renal em receptores sem profilaxia farmacológica ou tratamento preventivo direcionado. Resultados: A coorte do estudo envolveu 802 receptores de transplantes de rim entre 30/04/2014 e 30/04/2015. A maioria recebeu indução com globulina anti-timocitária (81,5%), tacrolimus e prednisona em combinação com micofenolato (46,3%) ou azatioprina (53,7%). A incidência global de eventos de CMV foi de 42% (58,6% de infecção e 41,4% de doença). Os pacientes com CMV apresentaram maior incidência de rejeição aguda do primeiro tratamento (19 vs. 11%, p = 0,001), em comparação com aqueles sem CMV, mas sem diferenças na perda de enxerto, morte ou perda de seguimento. A incidência de função retardada de enxerto foi maior (56% vs. 37%, p = 0,000) e a TFGe a 1 (41 ± 21 vs. 54 ± 28 ml/min, p = 0,000) e 12 meses (50 ± 19 vs. 61 ± 29 ml/min, p = 0.000) foram menores em pacientes com CMV. A idade dos receptores (OR = 1,03), a sorologia negativa para CMV (OR = 5,21) e o uso de micofenolato (OR = 1,67) foram associados ao aumento do risco de CMV. As alterações na imunossupressão foram mais frequentes em doentes com CMV (63% vs. 31%, p = 0,000). Conclusão: a incidência de eventos relacionados a CMV foi alta e associada a maior incidência de rejeição aguda e alterações na imunossupressão. Além dos fatores de risco tradicionais, a função renal com 1 mês foi associada de forma independente à infecção por CMV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Kidney Transplantation , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Cost of Illness
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 20(6): 576-584, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828163

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The identification of the best strategy to manage cytomegalovirus infection is hampered by uncertainties regarding the risk/benefit ratios of universal prophylaxis versus preemptive therapy, the impact of indirect cytomegalovirus effects and the associated costs. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of targeted preemptive therapy according to perceived risk of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation. Methods: 144 adult kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in this 12-month study. None received cytomegalovirus pharmacological prophylaxis. Only high risk patients (positive donor/negative recipient (D+/R−), use of induction therapy with antithymocyte globulin, treatment of rejection) received preemptive therapy based on the result of pp65 antigenemia test. Low-risk patients with symptoms related to cytomegalovirus were screened for pp65 antigenemia and treatment initiated if confirmed cytomegalovirus disease. Blinded cytomegalovirus DNAemia was collected weekly during the first three months. Results: The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection was 34% and cytomegalovirus disease was 17%. The incidence was 25% in D+/R−, 69% in those receiving induction with rabbit antithymocite globulin (r-ATG), 46% in those treated for acute rejection, and 28% in low risk patients. By week 3 DNAemia was observed in 30% of patients who were not treated for cytomegalovirus infection/disease, and values ≥2.169 UI/mL showed 61% sensitivity and 85% specificity to detect cytomegalovirus disease (AUC = 0.849 ± 0.042, p < 0.001). Using multivariate analysis, only anti-thymocyte globulin induction was associated with cytomegalovirus infection/disease whereas only expanded donor criteria and renal function at 30 days were associated with renal function 12 months after transplantation. Conclusion: Targeted preemptive therapy in patients with perceived higher risk for cytomegalovirus infection/disease was effective in preventing severe clinical presentation, including tissue invasive and late cytomegalovirus infection. This strategy is associated with direct and indirect cost-savings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Tacrolimus/administration & dosage , Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage , Premedication , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
3.
J. bras. nefrol ; 37(2): 212-220, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-751458

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução: O número de pacientes idosos portadores de doença renal crônica aumenta progressivamente, desafiando os algoritmos de alocação, em um cenário de escassez de órgãos para transplante. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da idade sobre os resultados do transplante renal. Métodos: Foram analisados todos os 366 pacientes > 60 anos transplantados entre 1998-2010 versus um grupo controle de 366 pacientes mais jovens pareados por gênero, tipo de doador (vivo/falecido) e ano do transplante. Resultados: Diabetes mellitus (HR 1,5; IC 1,0-2,2; p = 0,031) e doador falecido (HR 1,7; IC 1,2-2,7; p = 0,013) se associaram independentemente a maior risco de óbito. Diabetes mellitus (HR 1,8; IC 1,2-2,6; p = 0,003) e priorização por acesso vascular (HR 2,9; IC 1,2-2,6; p < 0,001), mas não idade, foram fatores independentes de perda do enxerto renal. Conclusão: A idade avançada não teve impacto negativo no resultado do transplante quando excluído óbito do paciente como causa de perda do enxerto. A maior mortalidade entre a população senil esteve associada à maior frequência de comorbidades, em especial diabetes mellitus. .


Abstract Introduction: The number of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease increases progressively, challenging the allocation algorithms in a scenario of organ shortage for transplantation. Objective: To evaluate the impact of age on patient and graft survival. Methods: Evolution of all 366 patients greater than 60 years transplanted between 1998 and 2010 was analyzed versus a control group of 366 younger patients matched for gender, type of donor (living or deceased) and year of transplantation. Results: Diabetes mellitus (HR 1.8; IC 1.2-2.6; p = 0,003) and prioritization (HR 2.9; IC 1.2-2.6; p < 0,001), but not age, were independent factors for kidney graft loss. Conclusion: Advanced age was not related to negative outcomes after kidney transplantation, after excluding recipient death as a cause of allograft loss. Higher mortality rate in this group was associated to a higher frequency of comorbidities, especially diabetes mellitus. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Kidney Transplantation , Age Factors , Cohort Studies , Graft Survival , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
4.
J. bras. med ; 100(2): 7-15, maio-jun. 2012. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-682790

ABSTRACT

O Sistema Nacional de Transplantes (SNT) brasileiro coordena e regulamenta o maior programa de transplantes público do mundo. Com o seu estabelecimento, em 1997, o número de transplantes renais aumentou de 920 (5,8 por milhão de população - pmp), em 1998, para 4.957 (26 pmp) em 2011. Existem disparidades geográficas evidentes nos desempenhos entre as cinco regiões nacionais. Estas disparidades são diretamente relacionadas à densidade populacional regional, ao produto interno bruto e ao número de médicos com treinamento em transplante. Acompanhando o desafio de atenuar as disparidades regionais no acesso ao transplante, o sistema pode ser aperfeiçoado pela criação de um registro nacional para receptores de transplante e de doadores vivos de rim, e também pela promoção de estudos clínicos e experimentais voltados a melhor compreender a resposta imune relacionada ao transplante em nossa população.


The Brazilian National Tranplant System (SNT) coordinates and regulates perhaps the largest public transplant program worldwide. Since its establishment in 1997, the number of kidney transplants increased from 920 (5.8 pmp) in 1998 to 4,957 (26 pmp) in 2011. There are clear regional disparities in performance across all national regions. These disparities are directly related to regional population density, gross domestic product, and number of tranplant physicians. Besides the challenge of reducing the regional disparities related to the access to transplantation, it can be further improved by creating a national outcome registry for transplant recipient and for living kidney donors, and also by promoting clinical and experimental studies aimed to better understand the immune response related to transplantation in our population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Policy , Organ Transplantation/trends , Brazil , Healthcare Disparities , Professional Training , National Health Programs/standards , Residence Characteristics , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Kidney Transplantation
5.
J. bras. nefrol ; 32(1): 91-99, jan.-mar. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548400

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Terapias de indução são usualmente utilizadas em receptores sensibilizados contra antígenos HLA, retransplantes e pacientes com risco de apresentar função tardia do enxerto (FTE). Método: Estudo retrospectivo com objetivo de avaliar os desfechos do transplante renal com doador falecido em pacientes que receberam indução com alentuzumabe (n=9). os pacientes do grupo controle, pareados conforme idade do receptor, tempo em diálise e tempo de isquemia fria, receberam timoglubina (n= 18). Resultados: Não houve diferença nas características demográficas entre os grupos. A idade média dos receptores foi de 47 anos e dos doadores, de 59 anos. Entre os doadores, 67 % apresentavam critério expandido. A incidência de FTE foi de 55% e 56%, respectivamente. Ao final do primeiro ano, não houve diferença nas sobrevidas livre de rejeição aguda comprovada por biópsia (67,0% e 84,6%, p=0,26), do paciente (83,3% e 81,2%; p=0,63), do enxerto (62,5% e 66,7%; p=0,82), do enxerto com óbito censorado (62,5% e 76,6%; p= 0,73) e na função renal 9depuração de creatinina: 61,6 +- 18,2 versus 52,7 +- 26,1 mL/min, p= 0,503). Houve maior redução na contagem de linfócitos no sangue periférico no grupo alentuzumabe (dia 14:172 +- 129 versus 390 +- 195 N/mm³, p< 0,05; dia 30: 135 +- 78 versus 263 +- 112 N/mm³, p< 0,05), porém com retorno mais rápido a valores normais após o transplante (dia 90: 683 +- 367 versus 282 +- 72 N/mm³, p < 0,05; dia 360: 1269 +- 806 versus 690 +- 444 N/mm³, p < 0,05). O custo do tratamento com alentuzumade foi de R$ 1.388,00, enquanto que o custo médio com timoglobulina foi de R$ 7.398,00. Conclusão: Essa experiência com alentuzumabe não demonstrou eficácia e/ou segurança superiores aos regimes com timoglobulina, apesar do custo ser em média cinco vezes menor.


Introduction: Induction Therapies are usually used in recipients sensitized against HLA antigens, retransplantation and patients at risk for delayed graft function (FTE). Method: A retrospective study to evaluate the outcomes of cadaveric renal transplant in patients who received induction alentuzumabe (n = 9). patients in the control group, matched by recipient age, time on dialysis and cold ischemia time, received timoglubina (n = 18). Results: No differences in demographic characteristics between groups. The average age of recipients was 47 years and from donors in 59 years. Among donors, 67% had expanded criteria. The incidence of FTE was 55% and 56% respectively. At the end of the first year, there was no difference in survival free of acute rejection proven by biopsy (67.0% and 84.6%, p = 0.26), the patient (83.3% and 81.2%, p = 0.63), graft (62.5% and 66.7%, p = 0.82) and death censored graft (62.5% and 76.6%, p = 0.73) and 9depuração renal creatinine: 61.6 + - 18.2 vs. 52.7 + - 26.1 mL / min, p = 0.503). Higher reduction in lymphocyte count in peripheral blood in group alentuzumabe (day 14:172 + - 129 versus 390 + - 195 N / mm ³, p <0.05; 30 days: 135 + - 78 versus 263 + - 112 N / mm ³, p <0.05), but with a faster return to normal after transplantation (day 90: 683 + - 367 versus 282 + - 72 N / mm ³, p <0.05, day 360: 1269 + - 806 versus 690 + - 444 N / mm ³, p <0.05). The cost of treatment with alentuzumade was R $ 1,388.00, while the average cost timoglobulina was R $ 7,398.00. Conclusion: This experience with alentuzumabe not demonstrated efficacy and / or security schemes with higher timoglobulina, despite the cost be on average five times lower.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Immunosuppression Therapy , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data
6.
J. bras. nefrol ; 31(4): 258-268, out.-dez. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-549912

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Sirolino (SRL) é um imunossupressor com conhecida eficácia e perfil de segurança na profilaxia da rejeição aguda após o transplante renal. Objetivos:Avaliar eficácia, tolerabilidade e segurança do uso do SRL e de prednisona em associação a ciclosporina (CSA) ou tarcolino (TAC) após o transplante renal. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo de 332 receptores de transplantes renais realizados entre 1999 e 2006. O desfecho primário foi a falha de tratamento, definida como a incidência cumulativa de rejeição aguda confirmada por biópsia (RACB), perda do enxerto, óbito ou descontinuação do SRL. Resultados: Dos 332 transplantes, 92% foram com doador vivo. A média de idade dos receptores foi de 37 anos, sendo 65% homens, 46% brancos e 6% diabéticos. SRL foi associado a CSA ou TAC em 70,8% e 29,2% dos pacientes. A incidência de falha de tratamento foi de 22,2% e de 47,8% no final do primeiro e do quinto ano de transplante, sem diferença entre pacientes recebendo CSA ou TAC. Ao final do quinto ano, as sobrevidas do paciente, do enxerto, do enxerto censorando o óbito e livre de RACB foram de 92,8%, 86,1%, 92,7% e 82,2%, respectivamente. O tratamento com SRL foi interrompido em 27,1% dos pacientes: 22,9% em razão de reações adversas e 3,3% devido à ineficácia. os principais motivos de suspensão do SRL foram dislipidemia (6,0%), disfunção do enxerto (5,2%), proteinúria (4,5%), infecções (1,5%), dificuldade de cicatrização (1,2%) e anemia (0,9%). Conclusão: Na população estudada, a eficácia e a segurança do SRL foram semelhantes quando combinado com CSA ou TAC. A tolerabilidade oral foi adequada considerando-se a relativa baixa taxa de interrupção do uso de SRL.


Introduction: Sirolino (SRL) is an immunosuppressive agent with known efficacy and safety profile for prophylaxis of acute rejection after renal transplantation. Objectives: To evaluate efficacy, tolerability and safety of the SRL and prednisone in combination with cyclosporine (CSA) or tarcolino (TAC) after renal transplantation. Methodology: A retrospective study of 332 recipients of kidney transplants performed between 1999 and 2006. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the cumulative incidence of acute rejection confirmed by biopsy (RACB), graft loss, death or discontinuation of SRL. Results: Of 332 transplants, 92% were with living donors. The mean age of recipients was 37 years, 65% men, 46% white and 6% were diabetic. SRL was combined with CSA or TAC in 70.8% and 29.2% of patients. The incidence of treatment failure was 22.2% and 47.8% at the end of the first and fifth year of transplantation, with no difference between patients receiving CSA or TAC. At the end of the fifth year, the survival of the patient, graft, death censored graft and free of RACB were 92.8%, 86.1%, 92.7% and 82.2% respectively. Treatment with SRL was discontinued in 27.1% of patients: 22.9% because of adverse reactions and 3.3% due to inefficiency. The main reasons for discontinuation of SRL were dyslipidemia (6.0%), graft dysfunction (5.2%), proteinuria (4.5%), infections (1.5%), poor wound healing (1.2% ) and anemia (0.9%). Conclusion: In this population, the efficacy and safety of SRL were similar when combined with CSA or TAC. The oral tolerance was adequate considering the relatively low rate of discontinuation of SRL.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Immunosuppressive Agents/analysis , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation/rehabilitation , Kidney Transplantation , Transplantation Tolerance
7.
J. bras. nefrol ; 30(3): 213-220, jul.-set. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600187

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco relacionados à mortalidade e à perda do enxerto nos primeiros dois anos após o transplante renal. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de transplantes renais realizados entre 2003-2006, utilizando banco de dados informatizado. os desfechos analisados foram: sobrevidas do paciente, do enxerto e fatores de risco através de análise multivariada de Cox. Resultados: Dos 2.364 transplantes, 67% foram com doador vivo (DV), 6% com doadores falecidos (DF) com critério expandido (DCE). As sobrevidas do paciente e do enxero foram superiores entre receptores de DV do que entre os de DF (97% vs 91%; 96% vs 83%, p<0,001). Ao final de 24 meses, os receptores de etnia negra apresentaram sobrevida do enxerto (84% vs 89%, p<0,05) inferior devido à maior mortalidade (sobrevida do paciente: 87% vs 93%, p<0,01). Na data do transplante, os fatores de risco relacionados à mortalidade do receptor foram o tipo de doador (DF, RR=2,4, IC 1,6-3,6) e a etnia negra (RR=1,8, IC 1,2-2,9). Os fatores de risco relacionados à perda do enxerto foram o tipo de doador (DF,RR=2,1, IC 1-3,2), DCE (RR=2,0 IC:1,2-3,3), presença de função retardada do enxerto (RR=1,8, IC 1,2-2,7) e ocorrência de rejeição aguda (RA, RR=3,5, IC2,5-4,8) no primeiro ano após o transplante. Aos seis meses de transplante, os fatores de risco relacionados à mortalidade do receptor foram o tipo de doador (DF, RR=2,5, IC 1,5-4,3) e a ocorrência de RA (RA, RR=2,4, IC 1,6-3,8). Os fatores de risco para a perda do enxerto foram o tipo de doador (DF, RR=2,0, IC 1,1-3,7), rins de DCE (DCE, RR=2,6, IC 1,1-6,2), a ocorrência de RA (RA, RR=9,5, IC 5,4-16,4) e a função renal no 6º mês (creatinina> 1,5 md/dL) (RR=2,1, IC 1,3-3,4). Conclusão: Os fatores de risco tradicionais continuam a exercer influência negativa nos desfechos do transplante.


Objective: To evaluate the risk factors related to mortality and graft loss in the first two years after renal transplantation. Methods: Retrospective analysis of renal transplants performed between 2003-2006, using computerized database. outcomes analyzed were patient survival, graft and risk factors by multivariate Cox Results: Of the 2364 transplants, 67% were living donor (DV), 6% with deceased donors (DF) with expanded criteria ( DCE). The survival of patients and grafts were higher among recipients than among DV DF (97% vs 91%, 96% vs 83%, p <0.001). At the end of 24 months, recipients of black ethnicity had graft survival (84% vs 89%, p <0.05) lower due to higher mortality (patient survival: 87% vs 93%, p <0.01) . At the time of transplant, the risk factors related to mortality of the recipient were donor type (FD, RR = 2.4, CI 1.6 to 3.6) and black race (RR = 1.8, CI 1, 2 to 2.9). Risk factors related to graft loss were donor type (FD, RR = 2.1, CI 1 to 3.2), DCE (RR = 2.0 CI :1,2-3, 3), presence delayed graft function (RR = 1.8, CI 1.2 to 2.7) and the occurrence of acute rejection (AR, RR = 3.5, IC2 0.5 to 4, 8) in the first year after transplantation. At six months after the transplant, the risk factors related to mortality of the recipient were donor type (FD, RR = 2.5, CI 1.5 to 4.3) and the occurrence of RA (RA, RR = 2.4 CI 1.6 to 3.8). Risk factors for graft loss were donor type (FD, RR = 2.0, CI 1.1 to 3.7), kidney DCE (DCE, RR = 2.6, CI 1.1 - 6.2), the occurrence of RA (RA, RR = 9.5, CI 5.4 to 16.4) and renal function at 6 months (creatinine> 1.5 md / dL) (RR = 2.1, CI 1.3 to 3.4). Conclusion: The traditional risk factors continue to exert negative influence on the outcomes of transplantation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Graft Survival , Immunosuppression Therapy , Survival Rate , Kidney Transplantation
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